Global Cholera Vaccines: Understanding the Global Impact

Disease Origins and Spread
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The disease originated in the Ganges delta region of South Asia in the early 19th century. However, due to increased globalization and travel, cholera outbreaks have since spread across most of the world. There have been seven documented pandemics since 1817, with the ongoing seventh pandemic first emerging from Indonesia in 1961 and spreading to most of Asia, Africa, and parts of South America. V. cholerae can thrive in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, so outbreaks have often been spurred by flooding, natural disasters, war, and population displacement. Contaminated food and water supplies facilitate the transmission of cholera between human hosts. As such, areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water are most vulnerable to outbreaks.
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