Why Do Adults Develop Auditory Processing Disorder?

Why Do Adults Develop Auditory Processing Disorder?

Short Answer

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in adults can develop because of a variety of factors, including genetics, brain injuries, and age-related changes. While APD is often diagnosed in childhood, it can persist into adulthood or develop later in life, affecting the brain's ability to process sounds. Recognising the signs early and seeking appropriate auditory processing disorder treatments can help adults manage the condition.

What Is Auditory Processing Disorder in Adults?

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in adults refers to a condition where the brain has difficulty interpreting and processing sounds, even though hearing is not impaired. The problem lies not in the ear but in how the brain processes auditory information. As a result, individuals with APD may struggle with understanding speech, especially in noisy environments or when multiple sounds are present.

While APD is often identified in children, it is not uncommon for the disorder to persist into adulthood. In some cases, adults may develop APD later in life, and understanding the causes behind its development is key to finding effective treatments.

Key Factors Contributing to Auditory Processing Disorder in Adults

1. Genetics and Family History

Like many conditions, genetics can play a role in the development of APD. If you have a family history of auditory processing issues or learning difficulties, you may be at a high risk of developing the disorder as an adult. APD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.

2. Brain Injury or Trauma

Adults who have experienced head injuries, concussions, or brain trauma may develop an auditory processing disorder as a result. These injuries can affect the areas of the brain responsible for processing sound, leading to difficulty in understanding speech or distinguishing between different sounds.

For example, traumatic brain injury (TBI) can disrupt the pathways that process auditory information, leading to challenges in hearing and understanding verbal communication. In such cases, APD might develop months or even years after the injury.

3. Age-Related Changes

As people age, the brain undergoes various structural and functional changes that can affect its ability to process auditory information. Age-related hearing loss, combined with cognitive changes, can increase the likelihood of developing APD. This is particularly true for those over the age of 60, who may experience difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments.

4. Chronic Ear Infections or Hearing Loss

Chronic ear infections or untreated hearing loss in early life can contribute to APD later in adulthood. Although these conditions may not cause permanent hearing damage, they can interfere with how the brain processes sound. Over time, untreated hearing loss or frequent ear infections can cause difficulties in auditory processing, even if the hearing is restored.

5. Neurological Disorders or Conditions

Adults with neurological disorders, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or dementia, may develop APD as a secondary condition. These disorders can damage the areas of the brain responsible for auditory processing, leading to difficulties in distinguishing sounds, understanding speech, or processing auditory information.

6. Environmental Factors

Exposure to loud noises over an extended period, such as frequent exposure to machinery, concerts, or noisy work environments, can also contribute to the development of APD in adults. Prolonged exposure to these factors can damage the auditory pathways and make it harder for the brain to interpret sounds.

How Auditory Processing Disorder in Adults Is Diagnosed

Diagnosing APD in adults often involves a series of tests performed by professionals. These tests evaluate the brain's ability to process different sounds, distinguish between similar sounds, and understand speech in various conditions (e.g., noisy environments). Additionally, professionals may assess cognitive abilities, listening skills, and auditory memory.

Auditory Processing Disorder Treatments for Adults

While there is no cure for auditory processing disorder in adults, various treatments can help manage the condition. Some common auditory processing disorder treatments include

:

1. Auditory Training Programs

These programs help adults with APD improve their ability to process sounds. The training involves listening exercises designed to enhance the brain's ability to recognise and interpret sounds. Over time, these programs can improve speech comprehension and sound localisation.

2. Environmental Modifications

Adults with APD often benefit from changes in their environment. For instance, using noise-cancelling headphones, speaking slowly, or positioning oneself away from noisy sources can help reduce auditory distractions and improve comprehension.

3. Speech and Language Therapy

Professionals may work with adults to improve their speech and language processing abilities. This can involve exercises to enhance speech recognition, auditory memory, and the ability to understand complex verbal instructions.

4. Compensatory Strategies

Adults with APD can also adopt compensatory strategies to improve communication. This might include asking for clarifications, taking notes during conversations, or using visual cues to supplement auditory information.

5. Assistive Listening Devices

Assistive listening devices, like hearing aids or FM systems, can amplify sounds and improve speech clarity. These devices are particularly helpful in environments with a lot of background noise, such as crowded workplaces or public events.

Summary

Auditory processing disorder in adults can develop because of a variety of factors, including genetics, brain injury, age-related changes, and environmental influences. Understanding the root causes of APD can help adults seek the right treatments and strategies to manage the condition. If you notice signs of APD, such as difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments or asking people to repeat themselves, it is important to consult with a professional for assessment and treatment options. With the right approach, adults can learn to manage APD effectively and improve their quality of life.