Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is the key target of red light therapy. As a core enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, it drives cellular energy production—approximately 90% of cellular ATP (the "energy currency") relies on CCO. Its functions include transferring electrons to form water and pumping protons to build an energy gradient, which is crucial for skin cell repair and collagen synthesis (a key factor in anti-aging).
Red light therapy (620–700nm) and near-infrared light (700–1440nm) activate CCO in three ways: first, it relieves nitric oxide (NO) inhibition (NO blocks about 60% of CCO’s activity, while red light photons weaken the NO-CCO bond and restore the enzyme’s function); second, it accelerates electron transfer (e.g., 808nm light can double the electron transfer rate of CCO, increasing ATP production); third, it follows the "low-dose effectiveness" principle (1–5 J/cm² is optimal; doses over 100 J/cm² instead inhibit CCO, and 660nm/810nm are the wavelengths most easily absorbed by CCO).
For neck anti-aging (a common area for fine lines and sagging), the ZJKC Red Light Neck Anti-Aging and Skin Rejuvenation Device precisely matches CCO’s optimal parameters: it emits 620–700nm red light, acts on neck skin with a safe, low dose, activates CCO to promote ATP production, and supports skin cell repair and collagen synthesis for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.
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