Comparison and application of characteristics of pure copper rods and oxygen-free copper rods
Comparison and application of characteristics of pure copper rods and oxygen-free copper rods
Pure copper rods can be divided into three categories according to the purity level: T1 (copper ≥ 99.95%), T2 (copper ≥ 99.90%) and T3 (copper ≥ 99.70%). The higher the purity, the better the electrical and thermal conductivity. The conductivity of T1 copper rods can reach 101% IACS, but its hardness and strength are relatively low, and the tensile strength is in the range of 200-250MPa. This type of high-purity copper rod is mainly used in occasions with extremely high requirements for conductivity, such as busbars, switch contacts, transformer windings in electrical engineering, and semiconductor devices and vacuum tube components in the electronics industry. It is worth noting that as the purity decreases, the mechanical properties of the copper rod will improve, but the conductivity will decrease accordingly. Although the conductivity of the T3 copper rod is slightly lower, the cost is more economical, and it is suitable for some general occasions that do not require strict conductivity.
Oxygen-free copper rods (TU1, TU2) are copper materials with oxygen content controlled below 0.001% through a special smelting process. The purity of TU1 reaches more than 99.99%, and the oxygen content does not exceed 0.0005%. Compared with ordinary pure copper, oxygen-free copper has higher conductivity (101-102% IACS) and ductility (elongation ≥ 40%) and is not prone to hydrogen embrittlement in high-temperature environments. These characteristics make it an ideal choice for high-end electronic devices such as microwave tubes and superconducting material matrices. It is also the preferred material for vacuum devices (electronic tubes, magnetrons) and high-temperature application environments (such as rocket engine cooling channels). The production process of oxygen-free copper is strict, and the cost is relatively high, but its stable performance in special environments makes it indispensable in key areas.
Performance characteristics and industrial applications of phosphorus-deoxidized copper and aluminum bronze
Phosphorus-deoxidized copper rods (TP1, TP2) are copper materials that are deoxidized by adding phosphorus elements, of which TP1 contains 0.004-0.012% phosphorus, and TP2 contains 0.015-0.040% phosphorus. Although the addition of phosphorus slightly reduces the conductivity (85-90% IACS), it significantly improves the welding performance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the material, and the corrosion resistance is also better than pure copper. The tensile strength of this type of copper rod is between 220-280MPa, and it has good plastic deformation ability (elongation ≥30%). In industrial applications, phosphorus-deoxidized copper is widely used in pipeline systems (water supply, gas pipeline fittings), refrigeration industry pipelines, and components that require high-frequency welding. Its excellent welding performance makes it outstanding on occasions that require complex connections, while its moderate cost ensures its economical practicality.
Aluminum bronze (such as QAl9-2, QAl10-3-1.5) is a copper-aluminum alloy system. It obtains high strength, wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance by adding aluminum (8-10%), manganese, iron and other elements, especially since it has strong resistance to seawater corrosion. The mechanical properties of this type of alloy are significantly better than pure copper, with a tensile strength of 550-800MPa and a hardness in the range of HB160-220, but the conductivity is relatively low (12-15% IACS). Aluminum bronze is used in the shipbuilding industry to manufacture key components such as propellers and seawater valves and is used as wear-resistant liners and bearings in mining machinery. It is also an ideal material for corrosion-resistant pump bodies and valves in chemical equipment. Its excellent seawater corrosion resistance makes it one of the preferred materials in the field of marine engineering. Although it is expensive, its long life in harsh environments makes it very economical throughout its life cycle.
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